My Life At The Nursing - 978 Words

â€Å"Good morning,† Ruth said entering the room at the Mountaineer Nursing Home to see her ninety-year old grandfather before going to work as she often did. â€Å"How is my little girl this beautiful morning?† He asked happy to see her. â€Å"I’m great. Did you sleep well?† She kissed him on the forehead and hugged him before she sat in the chair by his bedside. â€Å"Once I got my medication, I went to sleep and slept until daylight. How is it going down at the newspaper? Did anyone retire this week?†He asked with sadness in his voice and Ruth knew he missed working at the newspaper. â€Å"Everything’s going fine. Do you remember Agnes in your department? She is going to retire next month.† â€Å"I wonder if they will give her a big party like the one they gave me when I left.† He smiled. â€Å"I’m sure they will. If you want to go, I’ll take you,† Ruth said smiling and noticed his blue eyes sparkled. â€Å"That would be wonderful I haven’t seen anyone from the office since I’ve been in this place. I appreciate you coming. Honey, you are not expected to visit me every day. My friend Roger came to see me yesterday. Would you believe we talked for over an hour? It was nice seeing him.† Ruth knew he was wrong. â€Å"I enjoy visiting you. Grandpa, I’m happy Roger came to see you,† she declared without embarrassing him by reminding him that Roger passed away several years earlier. â€Å"I’m going to take some time off tomorrow to catch up on a few things,† Ruth said without telling him she planned to drive toShow MoreRelatedMy Life and My Experiences have Led Me to My Career in Nursing547 Words   |  3 PagesTo me, life is a pretty ironic thing; it has a way of introducing you to the things you want, but keeps it just out of your reach. 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Who Is Lying to Us About Nutrition Argumentative Essay Topics?

Who Is Lying to Us About Nutrition Argumentative Essay Topics? Such essays are the most fascinating ones due to the fact that they reflect the realities of the modern world and highlight conditions that concern plenty of individuals. You may be eating healthy but don't have any idea on the structure of a nutritious eating argumentative essay. As a consequence, any argumentative essay topics that you opt to write about concerning nutrition should have at least two sides to them, so you can argue for or against something. For instance, if you're writing about nutrition, then you are going to need to attempt to persuade the reader about a certain point of view which you've taken. A Secret Weapon for Nutrition Argumentative Essay Topics If you are searching for examples of argumentative essays, here's a sample that will help you out! When you are finished with your essay, you must not simply check it for spelling and grammatical errors, but nevertheless, it also has to be check ed for logical fallacies. There are many steps that you should take as a way to write a great essay. If you are not certain of how to begin your very own argumentative essay, take a while to read sample arguments online. The Lost Secret of Nutrition Argumentative Essay Topics How you begin to write a healthful eating argumentative essay is dependent on what you're planning to write about. A typical healthful eating essay body consists of at least four paragraphs. The info on healthy eating should spread upon the world for folks to well informed on what healthy eating is about. With us are a number of the tips on how best to compose an outstanding healthful eating writing that will be very helpful. Locating good essay topics which you could discuss effectively and create powerful argumentative essays is a challenging work. Most issues can have essays on all the above mentioned questions. Recent argumentative essay topics that are related to society is going to do. At times you might require some expert help with argumentative essay topics. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. Argumentative essays follow an overall format. An argumentative essay is a certain kind of academic writing. It will require you to take a particular stance about the topic you are writing about. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Nutrition Argumentative Essay Topics The conclusion portion of the essay is the most crucial. It's possible to also restate the ideas that you've discussed in the body paragraphs in order to make your point valid. The goal of an argumentative essay is to express a one-sided perspective on a specific subject. What's more, the conclusion of your essay needs to give a feeling of closure. All paper and essay writing guidelines are alike in that you're making a statement about some problem and introducing briefly what will be discussed throughout the remainder of the paper. Unique essays have various peculiarities and requirements, and you ought to keep all of these in m ind when working on your paper. Young writers may try simple on-line citation generators which are normally at no charge. Our academic writers are prepared to fulfill all of your paper requirements within a brief time. So make certain you decide on a subject, which has values in it. If you get to select your own topic, that's wonderful. Therefore, the topic needs to be debatable! Quite frequently, the ideal topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get ready to research it. Just like any essay, the very first paragraph should introduce the topic. In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good concept to start out with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. Having selected a great topic to argue about, at this point you will need to make an argumentative essay outline. In any case, below each fact you are able to discover the list of topics on which you can concentrate in your argument essay. You will have to read a great deal of books, textbooks or watch some videos to have an excellent comprehension of your subject and be in a position to come up with a compelling argument. The dearth of excellent support sources will end in a decrease grade. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics since you need opposing points that you are able to counter to your own points. In many professional contexts, respectful argumentation is the thing that leads to the growth of new suggestions and perspectives.

Destination Partnerships in Event Tourism †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Destination Partnerships in Event Tourism. Answer: Introduction: The history of events date back to the Ptolemaic dynasty and the era of Cleopatra. She was known for her orchestrating elaborate meetings. The evidence of events can be found in the mediaeval history of Europe when the wealthy royalty used to stage parties with food, music, costumes and various themes. The main idea of event was to entertain the king and the royal family. Beside these they used to arrange events to celebrate various religious festivals where pageants, gatherings and enjoyments were available for the rich section of the society. After industrialisation, there was a growth seen in the economy as well as manufacturing, the nature of the evets drastically changed (Mariani and Giorgio 2017). The businesses recorded more necessity for the collaborative events like trade shows, guild meetings and tourism events. Beside these, the movements of various political parties increased the need of events to share the ideologies of their leaders. In modern era, the well-to-do famili es are investing in the wedding events, receptions and other professional parties. Event tourism is defined as a method of holding events as tourist attractions, planning and marketing events at a special place so that the tourism industry flourishes at that place. Event tourism has become an important segment of the international tourism that is growing rapidly (Devine and Devine 2017). In todays world, event tourism is seen from both demand as well as supply sides. It is mostly seen to be as a speciality within destination management organisations and national tourism offices. The event develop agencies focus on arts, culture and protocol so that the destination can be developed through events. Re-purposing of events for economic development aims to transform a destination a desirable place for living, working, investing and doing business which will encourage the economy of that region (Andam et al. 2015). By arranging events, the organisers, influence the tourists all over the world for visiting the place. This efforts consequences in tourism which leads to have a positive economic impact. It regulates the balance of payment, affects employment and enhance the gross income as well as production of the region. Event tourism supports the places urban renewal, infrastructure development and tourism capacity by fostering a positive destination image. The events industry has numerous sectors as the planned events are created to serve some particular purposes. There are numerous strategic goals (Mller 2015). The event managers play different roles which include designing, production as well as management of the planned events. They encompass festivals along with other celebrations such as recreation, entertainment, political affairs, sports, scientific and arts events. Moreover, these events include all kinds of events in the field of business or corporate affairs which includes conventions, fairs, meetings and exhibitions (Nunkoo et al. 2018). The events in the private domain include rites such as weddings and reception parties and the social occasions for the affinity groups. The types of events include cultural celebrations which comprise of festivals, carnivals, commemorations and religious events. Political events include various summits, VIP visits and royal occasions (Li et al. 2015). Various meetings, conventions, trade shows, consumer fairs and market cover the business or trade events. Scientific or educational events are comprised of various seminars, clinics and conferences. Beside this there are private events which include weddings, parties and social celebration (Gursoy, Milito and Nunkoo 2017). Finally, the sports events include sports competition by the amateurs or professionals who gather in a place to participate in sport events. Mega events are defined to have highest tourist demand and highest value. It has high tourist attractiveness and image marketing as well as development roles. The success of mega events has been perceived in the world fair of Brisbane and Americas Cup Defence in Perth. The hall mark event is referred as recurring events which is of limited duration. These events are primarily arranged to increase awareness, appeal as well as profitability of the tourist destination. The hallmark events aim to provide tradition, quality, attractiveness, publicity to the host venue. It gives the destination great competitive advantages which could be founds in the hallmark events of New Orleans and Mardi Gras (Ouyang, Gursoy and Sharma 2017). Major events have medium tourist attractions. These do not have visitors from outside the country. The expectations are quite limited from such events (Getz and Page 2016). Community events are any prearranged on public property that consists of more than fifty pe ople as well as any sized events that reserves access to the public properties. This type of events includes pre-planned march, parades and demonstration. These events have great influence on the regional economy. This creates scopes for the least developed countries to meet urgent need of income, rise standard of living and opportunity of employments of the local people. The events give the local business to flourish. The local government take responsibilities to invents in strengthening the infrastructure with the income from the events (Devine and Devine 2017). The regions if do not have easy access to explore other resources, a depend on the event tourism and embrace tourism for boosting regional economy. Through events, the area can build a workforce which will have scope for seasonal working. Inflow of foreign curry increases when any sport events or cultural or business events take place in a specific region. Various events influence in changing the socio-cultural aspect of the destination. It develops social capita and increase local participation in the community activities. Revitalise the local cultures, traditions and arts. The political events help to pursuit international legitimacy and prestige in one hand and highlight on particular political causes. The sport events have been seen to have the most impressive influence of the social and cultural life of the host region. The interactions and communication among the local and external participants resulted by the events lead to changes in the quality of life. Cultural interactions can transform the norms, values, beliefs and traditions of the society. Influence of events on the environmental enhancement can be both natural as well as human created. For proper arrangement of events in the host country provide numerous environmental benefits. The success of events requires improved infrastructure of the host region so that the international guests can participate. The environmental influences of events can be both positive as well as negative. For attaining a sustainability framework, the event mangers need to balance the environmental impacts. Some of the effects are explicit such as land use for stadium or emissions created by the visitors but some are hidden like carbon emission by the production of merchandise. Staging sustainable events is under corporate social responsibilities. Therefore, it can be concluded that from the ancient times, event was the medium of social gathering and place for knowledge sharing. There are numerous types of events which involve local, national and international visitors. According to the importance and size of the events, they have been categorised. Based on the themes and issues, different events have different impacts. Events can change the economic issues of a region, influence the social cultural life of the people and affect the environment of the host region both positively and negatively. Hence the international event planners in accordance with managers and governments have been following policies of sustainable event arrangements. References: Andam, R., Montazeri, A., Feizi, S. and Mehdizadeh, R., 2015. Providing a multidimensional measurement model for assessing quality of sport tourism services: Empirical evidence from sport conference as sport event tourism.Iranian Journal of Management Studies,8(4), p.607. Devine, A. and Devine, F., 2017. A Strategic Approach to International Event Tourism. In: Events Management - An International Approach. (Eds:Ferdinand, NicoleandKitchin, Paul James), Sage, London, pp. 317-333. Getz, D. and Page, S.J., 2016. Progress and prospects for event tourism research.Tourism Management,52, pp.593-631. Gursoy, D., Milito, M.C. and Nunkoo, R., 2017. Residents' support for a mega-event: The case of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, Natal, Brazil.Journal of Destination Marketing Management,6(4), pp.344-352. Li, X., Hsu, C.H. and Lawton, L.J., 2015. Understanding residents perception changes toward a mega-event through a dual-theory lens.Journal of Travel Research,54(3), pp.396-410. Mariani, M.M. and Giorgio, L., 2017. The Pink Night festival revisited: Meta-events and the role of destination partnerships in staging event tourism.Annals of Tourism Research,62, pp.89-109. Mller, M., 2015. What makes an event a mega-event? Definitions and sizes.Leisure Studies,34(6), pp.627-642. Nunkoo, R., Ribeiro, M.A., Sunnassee, V. and Gursoy, D., 2018. Public trust in mega event planning institutions: The role of knowledge, transparency and corruption.Tourism Management,66, pp.155-166. Ouyang, Z., Gursoy, D. and Sharma, B., 2017. Role of trust, emotions and event attachment on residents' attitudes toward tourism.Tourism Management,63, pp.426-438. Salgado, J., Barajas, . and Snchez-Fernndez, P., 2017. Key Factors in Sport-Event Tourism: An Economic Outlook.

The meaning of the story Essay Example For Students

The meaning of the story Essay Marlows narrative is a speaking voice like when he says you say knights? And whos that grunting. The Frame Narrators is seems to have been written down. You also get the feeling that when Marlow is talking its as if he is trying to understand the meaning of the story for himself. He is also a great story teller and uses delayed decoding by delaying and explaining incidents fully so that we experience them like he did this can be seen when his helmsman has been killed he believes that the helmsman had wrestled a cane from someone ashore but in fact you find out he died as Marlow says a pool full of blood lay very still he realises the helmsman has been struck by one of the natives and was dead. We will write a custom essay on The meaning of the story specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Marlow knew this before he began his yarn and yet he waited until the time within the story when he found out which could give you the impression that it was the first time Marlow had ever told the story aloud. The first narrators view of the Thames suggests the nobility of Britains role in the colonisation of the world; the frame narrator shows explicit and implicit views on it. Explicitly you can see the Frame Narrators view when he says dreams of men, seeds of commonwealth, the germs of empires (page 32) you can see easily that what he is saying gives the impression the colonisation is great. Implicitly you can see his views on Colonisation when he says about the river being unruffled (page 32), which means smooth and calm, and it may mean the Frame Narrator has no troubles with Colonisation as it runs smoothly and therefore effectively. Marlows view on the Thames is seen when he talks about the Romans went there to invade and says that the Thames was once a dark place. He talks about the decent young citizen in a toga (page 34) who can be compared to Kurtz I say this because the young citizen like Kurtz never had restraint and as the wilderness surrounded him he gave in like Kurtz on the Congo. When Marlow arrives in Brussels he refers to the city as a whited sepulchre (page 37) a whited sepulchre implies death, and the phrase whited sepulchre was in the Bible by Jesus as he talks about the Pharisees and Sadducees being grand on the outside but completely the opposite on the inside, and this is what is said about Brussels which is something grand on the outside but something that contains horrors within. This makes the phrase appropriate for Brussels as what Marlow was going to Brussels for being the job down the Congo contained death and horrors, as we find out further on within the novel. This also links in with Imperialism as that contains horrors, which is shown through the job down the Congo. Marlows view of the cruel and often foolish consequences of the trade established by colonialism can be seen in his description of the activities in his journey down the African Coast, where he says that some of the soldiers drowned in the surf but nobody seemed to care, this shows his view as he says that the steamer must go on even though some soldiers may have died in the process of the journey, this there fore means the trade must goes on. Also when he says names that seemed to belong to some sordid farce acted in front of a sinister backcloth (page 41). This gives Marlows view as he says the trading places are part of something sordid which means disgusting and a farce this shows that he believes that the trade is a farce and as the trade is linked with the colonialism, he also thinks thats a farce too. .ubcb78411f28f6c16e8ebe42d03a44be9 , .ubcb78411f28f6c16e8ebe42d03a44be9 .postImageUrl , .ubcb78411f28f6c16e8ebe42d03a44be9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubcb78411f28f6c16e8ebe42d03a44be9 , .ubcb78411f28f6c16e8ebe42d03a44be9:hover , .ubcb78411f28f6c16e8ebe42d03a44be9:visited , .ubcb78411f28f6c16e8ebe42d03a44be9:active { border:0!important; } .ubcb78411f28f6c16e8ebe42d03a44be9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubcb78411f28f6c16e8ebe42d03a44be9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubcb78411f28f6c16e8ebe42d03a44be9:active , .ubcb78411f28f6c16e8ebe42d03a44be9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubcb78411f28f6c16e8ebe42d03a44be9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubcb78411f28f6c16e8ebe42d03a44be9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubcb78411f28f6c16e8ebe42d03a44be9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubcb78411f28f6c16e8ebe42d03a44be9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubcb78411f28f6c16e8ebe42d03a44be9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubcb78411f28f6c16e8ebe42d03a44be9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubcb78411f28f6c16e8ebe42d03a44be9 .ubcb78411f28f6c16e8ebe42d03a44be9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubcb78411f28f6c16e8ebe42d03a44be9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Literary Review Of Oliver Twist EssayHe also says that there was a touch of insanity in the proceeding (page 42) this gives you his view as if he says the proceedings on the French steamer were insane then he must believe the same about colonialism too, he would think colonialism is insane due to him believing that the natives arent the only ones that need to be civilised people like Kurtz also need to be civilised as they are insane.

Dunkin Donuts Plan Essay Example

Dunkin Donuts Plan Essay Example Dunkin Donuts Plan Essay Dunkin Donuts Plan Essay The Bright Agency Roger Bright- Account Executive Sara Smith- Ad Copy Director Ashley Edwards- Art Director Michelle Taube- Media Director Katie Briggs- IMC Media Sales Director Jennifer Garriques- Research Director Robert Compton- Research Director Executive Summary Our campaign with Dunkin’ Donuts sets out to re-brand the company, reflective of a company thats expanding. The campaign allots $35,000,000 for the course of a calendar year, specifically January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2007. Our goal is to generate more revenue and claim more market share in the coffee house sector. We feel this can be attained by a vigorous national campaign. This campaign will entail advertisements on all the major media facets. Our target audience consists of middle class adults. Characteristically, these middle class adults earn between $40,000 to $100,000 yearly. An increase in coffee sales is a paramount goal of our campaign; these older adults are the best audience to go after. Our campaign will also research the target audience via surveys concluding on how strong the customer base is and possible potential new target audiences. The Dunkin’ campaign will rely heavily on a nationalized television, radio, newspaper, and outdoor advertising plan. The television ads will be featured generally on the cable networks as well as network channels. We will position our ads on programs that are focused towards our target group of middle class adults. The same strategy will apply when positioning our ads on television, radio, and in the newspaper. Other alternate media we will use are outdoor advertisements. We will use around $33,000,000 on advertising. Measuring the effect of our campaign is also important. It will occur on a quarterly basis. Measurements will be done at these times so that Dunkin’ Donuts can reflect its sales along with the effectiveness of our campaign. This will be done so by viewing television ratings and checking circulation. Table of Contents Executive Summary Table of Contents Campaign Overview Situational Analysis SWOT Analysis Target Market Analysis Objectives Media Objectives Media Tactics Media Scheduling Creative Objectives Measurable Objectives Budget Analysis Advertising Tactics Sales Promotion Tactics Public Relations Tactics Evaluation Appendix A– Radio/Television/Outdoor/Newspaper Ads Appendix B– Sales Promotions Appendix C- Public Relations Sources 3 4 5 6-8 9 10 11 12 13-15 16 17-18 19 20 21-22 23-24 25-26 27 28-36 37-38 39-40 41 Campaign Overview The Bright Agency was delivered the challenge of creating a new advertising campaign for Dunkin’ Donuts to match the type of massive expansion the company is about to undertake. Our agency was given $35,000,000 to complete the task, of which we devoted the $3. 5 million towards a healthy contingency. Our research and efforts are in hopes of increasing the awareness of a soon to be snack food and coffeehouse giant. Situational Analysis Company Dunkin’ Donuts is a doughnut franchise owned by a parent company, Dunkin’ Brands. Dunkin’ Donuts was founded in Quincy, Massachusetts by Bill Rosenberg in 1950. Dunkin’ Donuts has since been a staple of the snack food sector in the New England geographic market. Dunkin’ Donuts boasts quality doughnuts and pastries, as well as a delicious line of coffee and espresso blends. Today Dunkin’ Donuts dominates the snack food sector and is increasingly making its mark on the coffee house sector. Market and Industry The restaurant industry, particularly the snack food and coffee house industry is one that is consistently profitable. As it stands it takes around 1/3 of the American dollar spent on food. The restaurant industry will gross on average $1. 4 billion daily. The restaurant industry has had to adapt to the growing demand for healthier food choices. Nonetheless the restaurant industry is forecasted to increase over five percent in the next year and make up four percent of the gross domestic product (GDP). The coffee house sector accredits its boom in popularity largely in part to the surge of Starbucks in the late1990s. Since then it has continued to do well in generating high revenue. Statistics show that over 77% of Americans consume some form of coffee beverage. That overwhelming statistic is indicative of the sales boom of the coffee house sector between 2000 and 2005. During that period the coffee house sector developed larger and faster than any other sector in the restaurant industry, citing a 157% increase in sales. The coffee house sector is only expected to grow. Market analysts suggest another 125% increase over the next five years. Situational Analysis Brand The Dunkin’ Donuts franchise rests its name on its doughnuts, but has seen much success with its coffee sales. Over the course of the last decade, Dunkin’ Donuts has produced a quality line of espresso drinks and coffee blends that have led Dunkin’ Donuts to the number one spot in coffee-by-the-cup sales. Dunkin’ Donuts also offers other bakery delicacies, breakfast sandwiches, cold drinks, and deli sandwiches. The Dunkin’ Donuts website: www. dunkindonuts. com provides information on company news, franchising, nutrition, and also allows consumers to order Dunkin’ Donuts products online. The brand has done well particularly well in its home base in the Northeast. The brand is planning expansion in the West and South. Dunkin’ Donuts is virtually unknown in these geographic markets. Consumer Dunkin’ Donuts target customer is the middle class American, both males and females, ranging in age from 18-45. Their salaries range from $40,000 to $100,000 annually. They are coffee enthusiasts, mainly people on the go, and some families. The ideal Dunkin’ Donuts consumer is a working professional, with a family. They are generally in their thirties and enjoy a good coffee drink and occasional doughnut before work to get their day started. The Dunkin’ Donuts consumer is practical and unappreciative of red tape or fancy marketing ploys. Situational Analysis Competitive The restaurant industry is one that is in constant competition, with trends that tend to vary. There will always be persistent competition between sectors (i. e. fast food vs. table-served restaurants; snack food vs. health food, etc. ). Advertising is the paramount step in distinction from the competition. The coffee house sector has become one of the largest growing in food service. The competition does not just start and end with nationalized coffee house chains, but also includes the smaller local coffee house businesses. These â€Å"mom and pop† coffee house endeavors appear more and more in smaller localities as well as large market cities. Dunkin’ Donuts receives the most competition from Kripsy Kreme, Starbucks, and McDonalds. These three brands share the market with Dunkin’ Donuts in the sectors of snack food restaurant, coffee house, and breakfast foods respectively. Since Dunkin’ Donuts holds as the largest distributor of coffee-by-the-cup, they will increase their focus on their coffee beverages. In the most cut and dry terms, Dunkin’ Donuts and Starbucks can expect a healthy rivalry in the decade to come, especially with Dunkin’ Donuts expanding to the West, which houses Starbucks. While McDonalds has dominated the fast food sector and does not appear as obvious competition, Dunkin’ Donuts poses an indirect threat to the McDonalds breakfast line and vise versa. The Dunkin’ Donuts franchise will triple its number of franchises to over 15,000 stores, which will surpass most fast food chains. Competition will surely be created out of such a big expansion. SWOT Analysis Strengths: 1. Dunkin’ Donuts has a reputation for brewing high quality coffee for more than five decades 2. Dunkin’ Donuts is America’s largest retailer of coffee-by-the-cup, serving nearly 1 billion cups of brewed coffee each year. . On an average day, Dunkin’ Donuts sells more than 30 cups of freshly brewed coffee each second. 4. Dunkin’ Donuts uses 100% Arabica coffee beans and has its own coffee specifications, which are recognized by the industry as a superior grade of coffee. 5. Dunkin’ Donuts serves nearly 1 billion cups of brewed coffee every year or approximately 2. 7 million cups a day. 6. Dunkin’ Donuts mails coupons to their customers. Weaknesses: 1. Dunkin’ Donuts uses media to advertise while Krispy Kreme has never spent any money on advertising. Opportunities: 1. Franchises available. 2. The opening of new stores. Threats: 1. People wanting to eat healthier (low calorie/low carb). 2. Starbucks entry into breakfast sandwiches. 3. McDonalds gourmet coffee. Target Market Analysis Our target audience will specifically be made up of males and females ranging in age from 18-45. The middle class will account for up to 45% of all Dunkin Donuts’ purchases. A large part of our goal for this campaign is to increase coffee sales, and according to statistics these are the people who drink coffee the most. Our target audience will earn in between $40,000 and $100,000 annually. A large part of this demographic will come from family units. Our main focus goes towards people on the go to get you in and out as fast as possible. A Dunkin’ Donuts typical customer is like John. John is in his mid-thirties. He is a working professional with three young children. He enjoys watching sports and working out in his free time. John likes to get his day started with a double espresso latte, giving him energy to get through the morning. Every Sunday, John takes his kids to Dunkin’ Donuts to enjoy a light breakfast before their little league games. Objectives Marketing Our marketing objective is to increase our sales by a substantial amount, ranging from 12 to 15% over the course of January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2007. This is going to be achieved through an increase in the reach and frequency of our advertising and publicity efforts. We want to attract new customers in the target audience of middle class adults, and turn them into repeat customers. If we can expand our consumer base by 5% and thus realistically generate ten dollars more per year from each new customer, it would result in a large growth in revenue, well worth the increased exposure costs. Advertising Our objective is to increase the awareness of our national campaign among our targeted audience that is made up of male and females between the ages of 18-45 years old (middleaged corporate), by 12-15% from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2007. According to our statistics, 25-34 year olds are who drink coffee most. Our target audience will earn in between $40,000 and $100,000 annually. Middle class makes up about 45% of all Dunkin’ Donuts purchases. Media Objectives Our suggested goal within our campaign comprised of nationalized television, radio, and outdoor print advertisements was to reach about 85% of our target market. That target market consists of middle aged and middle class consumers. Our research has cited that these are the people who frequently drink coffee. We intend to use various media facets, pulsing in more profitable months with higher frequency, than in our low months. The focus of our advertisement is to create awareness of Dunkin’ Donuts, with special focus to their coffee line. We feel this is the best way to generate the sales towards our goal of at least a 12 to 15% increase in sales. Media Tactics Outdoor ($1,000,000) Outdoor advertising can persuade commuters to impulse buy Dunkin Donuts. We plan on attracting the eye of commuters by using bright colors and catchy phrases. Billboards will be placed in locations such as Texas, Arizona, California, and Colorado. These locations were specifically chosen since we are expanding our franchises into new markets. Newspaper ($3,023,380) Newspapers are used in our campaign because of their reach. We will be using inserts in national newspapers because it will give us more control in reaching our target audience. By providing full color inserts in the Sunday papers, we will not only reach our target audience, but broaden it as well, by catching the attention of potential customers. Another notable aspect of newspapers is the frequency in which they are distributed. By using a national newspaper such as USA Today; we can not only broaden our reach, but also the number of times readers are exposed to a specific Dunkin’ Donuts advertisement. It would be ideal to place these advertisements in the food and beverage, or dinning sections of the fore mentioned paper, but depending on its distribution and relation to our target market other sections may open up. Newspapers also allow for the ever needed public relation story, by getting articles printed that deal with our brand and efforts we can not only keep the consumer up to date on our current state, but also build up our brand image. Through the use of these tactics and a correct circulation measurement needed to make sure we have our target market in mind, newspapers seem to be one of our top means of distribution for the cost. Media Tactics Radio ($2,361,665) In reviewing our campaign, collectively, we have determined that radio would be one of the better options to go with in means of advertising. We find it would be beneficial to use radio spots that are generally 15 to 30 seconds long in a sense that they will be short and to the point. The most effective time slot for our kind of advertisements would be early morning and evening, giving the working person more incentive to stop by a Dunkin’ Donuts on their way to and from their work place. These ads should be placed on syndicated radio programming as well as filler in between local radio programming. The use of these advertisement spots will hopefully increase revenue in two of our peak times. The commuters going to work in the morning and the commute back from work in the late evening. Media Tactics Television ($26,718,945) Cable Television (TBS, Food Network, and ESPN) Cable television is a media source that allows Dunkin’ Donuts to directly target the consumers on specific stations. Dunkin’ Donuts finds this as a useful technique because of its ability to provide high reach and high ratings. Cable television is a reliable source that will help Dunkin’ Donuts advertise directly to the consumers. The airing of Dunkin’ Donuts advertisements will be during the hours of 5 to 10 a. m. nd then from 5 to 10 p. m. These time spots will help Dunkin’ Donuts not only achieve high ratings, but guarantee that the customers are getting exposed to the advertisements. The following is a list of television shows that will be advertising for Dunkin’ Donuts: TBS-during movies for adults and children; Food Network-any cooking shows during the times specified to reach adults; and ESPNduring sport shows and games to reach the male audience. Since Dunkin’ Donuts is a national campaign, advertising on cable television will allow us to not only reach our target audience more but expand to potential customers. Network Television (CBS, NBC, FOX, ABC) A television network is a distribution network for television content where a central operation provides programming for many television stations. Dunkin’ Donuts advertisements will be aired during the hours of 5 to 10 a. m. and 5 to 10 p. m. ; reaching our target audience who will be considering breakfast options for that day or the next. Media Scheduling High The months of January, February, March, November and December are deemed our â€Å"high† months. This means we can expect a higher volume in sales during these months. Advertisements centered around holiday promotions need to have a higher frequency and reach. Holidays generate spending; therefore the brunt of our spending must be dedicated to these months. Medium April, May, September and October are considered our medium months. We can expect a steady patronage from our target market in these months. These are deemed our medium months for lack of heightened spending. However, the months of September and October are especially crucial for advertising due to new seasons of television programming. Advertising on the right shows at the right times will hopefully propel our medium months into high months. Low June, July and August are considered our â€Å"low† months. This part of the fiscal year we can expect a slight decline in patronage. We will spend less money this month to avoid waste. Families are a large part of our target demographic, and since families take these times to vacation, we feel strong advertising will be ineffective. Television networks usually show their reruns during the summer months also. Creative Objectives Client Dunkin’ Brands Inc. : Dunkin’ Donuts. Our client Dunkin’ Donuts is a snack food sector giant that has enjoyed major success out of the New England area and East. Project Dunkin’ Donuts is currently in the works for a mass expansion. They are in the works to be one of the largest food service chains in the country; tripling their stores to 15,000 nationwide. The company is in need of serious brand awareness to go along with its new nationalizing expansion. Background/Overview Our campaign suggests marketing towards middle aged, middle class adults (incomes ranging from $40,000 to $100,000). Typically, this demographic is heavy coffee consumers. Our advertisements will give a lot more focus to coffee products in the future and present Dunkin’ Donuts as a practical, â€Å"non-trendy† choice for â€Å"middle Americans† for snacks and coffee. Objectives Our objectives are to stand out from other coffee house and snack food chains. We will also convey messages that express practicality, quality, speed, and good service. We wish to give coffee drinkers a practical place to get a snack and coffee that doesn’t have all the bells and whistles of the leading coffee competitor, Starbucks. Creative Objectives Executions We plan to advertise with a healthy nationalized campaign. We will implore the usage of television, radio, print and outdoor media. We will advertise using the pulsing technique, which will give more focus to higher volume months (i. e. November, December). Coupling these methods with a great public relations campaign will produce brand awareness, thus increasing sales. Measurable Objectives Being able to measure success is important to the client, and to us, the Agency. Obviously, the best way to measure an advertising campaign’s successes is to see if the sales goals were met throughout the fiscal year. If we can meet our goal of invoking awareness, specifically Dunkin’ Donuts coffee line, we hope to increase company sales 12 to 15%. In order to be aware and accountable for the success of our advertisements we will stay current with circulation and Nielsen ratings to ensure our advertisements are reaching our target demographic with the best media vehicles possible. Budget Analysis When given our budget of $35,000,000, the majority of that was spent on the visual aspects of advertising, mainly being television advertisements. Our group as a whole decided to go for the visual aspect in this generation of time. Visual advertising has more of an effect on the target audience as a whole. Almost half of our budget was used on this specific medium. The next largest portion of our budget went strictly to radio advertising. This medium would be beneficial to our products market in a sense that a majority of Dunkin’ Donuts customers are working class professionals and typically stop in to get their every day coffee and/or doughnuts. Another portion of the budget was used on our outdoor advertisements and newspapers. Collectively, our group has giving outdoor advertisements about one million dollars towards billboards. As for newspapers, it was decided that a newspaper insert would be included in every Sunday national newspaper. The rest of our expenses consisted of making Dunkin’ Donuts t-shirts and a universal coffee mug. The coffee mugs and t-shirts were very inexpensive to provide and sell to get money back to Dunkin. The remaining amount of money, around $2,000, is used solely for what ever cost differences there may be. Advertising Tactics Slogan Our slogan is Delightfully Dunkin’. This slogan is showing consumers that our products are delightful and will steer people into wanting to consume our product. We wanted to use a slogan that made our products more appealing to the customer. The alliteration of the words Delightfully Dunkin’ makes the slogan catchier. Radio The purpose of this ad was to convey a message to the public that Dunkin’ Donuts products are always ready to go at any time for the convenience of every customer. Using a short and sweet message to the consumer with a little humor involved is a creative way to draw attention to the company. Rise and Shine with Dunkin’† is simply an informative commercial about the types of coffees Dunkin’ Donuts offers. Television The Commercial titled â€Å"Holidays with Dunkin’† is geared to the holiday season because people are always eating out during the holidays since they are busy shopping, spending time with their family, and traveling. The commercial shows th at this family is happy with their purchase, therefore conveying that Dunkin’ Donuts is a family oriented business. The television spot titled â€Å"Rookies Fetch the Dunkin’† is marketed to the many office professionals that frequent Dunkin’ Donuts for catering needs. The ad is meant to be humorous and shows the plight of a young corporate worker who finds out he needs to cater a board meeting in ten minutes. This advertisement highlights another one of the themes we wish to get across which is â€Å"quick service†. Advertising Tactics Outdoor The billboards will be placed in designated areas in the Southwest. The holiday billboard is geared to family travelers that are on the road during the holiday season, looking for a quick bite to eat. The coffee billboard strives for the attention of coffee drinkers. The message being that our coffee is a delightful treat. This slogan will get people to steer towards Dunkin’ Donuts rather than another place. Newspaper In the newspaper advertisement, we will be using a gift certificate that will be printed in national newspapers that will give each subscriber in the month of December a free doughnut and coffee. This will show our frequent customers that we care about them and will also provide us with new cliental. Also, we will be using a newspaper insert that will provide our customers with the weekly deals. Punch Card The punch card is used for coffee consumers, this will provide the customers an incentive to keep coming back. When using the punch card they will need to purchase 10 coffees and will receive their 11th coffee free. By using all of these media tactics we will be able to reach our target audience in numerous ways, showing them that we should be their number one choice. We felt that using all these media outlets would be a successful way in meeting our campaign requirements. . Sales Promotion Tactics Promotional Objectives Our over all goal is to increase sales for Dunkin’ Donuts by 12 to 15% from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2007. We have broken down this goal into three main promotional objectives. The first objective is to increase holiday sales. We will be doing this by placing a holiday coupon in Sunday papers. The second promotional objective is to increase sales among the target audience of the working middle class business professionals. To achieve this objective, we will be offering a monthly drawing for participating customers to enter to win free breakfast for their office department. The last promotional objective is to raise money for the Dunkin’ Donuts charity, Children’s Hospital. We will achieve this objective by offering a specialty refillable Mug. 0% of each mug sold will be given directly to Children’s Hospital. This objective will help raise money for Dunkin’ Donuts charity and encourage customers to continue purchasing Dunkin’ Donut’s coffee for the discounted price. Coupons Dunkin’ Donuts will be offer a holiday coupon in the month of December. This coupon is for a complementary doughnut and cup of hot coffee. The coupon will be inserted in the Sunday newspaper. This will be a good way to increase the holiday sales especially since Christmas advertisements often get lost in the clutter of the holiday rush. Dunkin’ Donuts wants to break thought this clutter and use the holiday rush to their advantage. Also with offering the holiday coupon, Dunkin’ Donuts sales will increase because the coupon will encourage new customers to come into the store to try their complementary doughnut and hot cup of coffee. In doing this, Dunkin’ Donuts will hopefully make new loyal customers and the customers who are already loyal, this will be our holiday gift to them. Sales Promotion Tactics Sweepstakes Dunkin’ Donuts will offer a monthly sweepstakes. All Dunkin’ Donuts customers are encouraged to put their business card in a bowl located next to the register. The more visits, the more chances to win. Every month each participating Dunkin’ Donut franchise will draw one business card. The winning card will win breakfast for everyone in their department at work. The breakfast consists of a variety of doughnuts and coffee. We hope that this little incentive will encourage people in the workplace to rely on Dunkin’ Donuts to satisfy their hunger. Price-Off Deals PriceDunkin’ Donuts will offer the option of purchasing a specialty refillable mug. The mug will be refillable at a discounted price, it is also a fundraiser for Children’s Hospital. Dunkin’ Donuts has made it their corporation’s philanthropy to sponsor and help raise money for Children’s Hospitals located all around the United Sates. 10% of the original purchase price of the mug will go to the hospital. Then for every refill, 10 cents will be donated to the hospital. The mug is beneficial to Dunkin’ Donuts because it will not only bring money to Dunkin’ Donuts but will also help the Children’s Hospital. This mug will keep coffee drinkers coming back for more coffee because they can refill it at a reduced price. Public Relations Tactics Public Relations Objectives The public relations objectives cover three different goals: forming a good relationship with the press, building brand awareness, and raising money for Children’s Hospital. Dunkin’ Donuts wants to build a good relationship with the press since the media holds power over the people. The media is also how Dunkin’ Donuts will send most of their information about events to the public. They will do this through press releases and media kits, in hopes that it will be printed in the paper as an article. Dunkin’ Donuts will provide media kits to local and national newspapers. The media kit will better help the press find information and pictures needed to cover stories on Dunkin’ Donuts. The media kit will include: A cover letter to the paper Dunkin’ Donuts business card with contact information Press releases. Background information. Photographs. Copies of the logo and slogan. Information about the different events Dunkin’ Donuts is hosting. Coupons for free samples of coffee and doughnuts. Dunkin’ Donuts will also keep the media informed on special events and changes with the business through press releases. This will inform the press of events, that they then have the option of creating an article. The press releases will give them all the information needed to write the article without having to do any research. This will ideally help Dunkin’ Donuts have their name in the newspapers without having to purchase advertisements. Dunkin’ Donuts will also send a fact sheet inviting newspaper reporters to attend specific events. A fact sheet is a good way to build a more personal relationship with newspapers. Public Relations Tactics Event Sponsorships/ Charity Dunkin’ Donuts will be partnering with Children’s Hospital. Dunkin’ Donuts will be making it their corporate philanthropy to raise money to donate to the hospital. Dunkin’ Donuts feels that children are the future. Dunkin’ Donuts will be sponsoring different events with the Children’s Hospital to interact with the children, families, and staff. Dunkin’ Donuts will be hosting a Christmas Morning Breakfast for the children and staff at Children’s Hospitals located in the same geographic areas of Dunkin’ Donuts. Doughnuts, juice, and coffee will be offered and Santa will make a personal appearance at the event. Dunkin’ Donuts will also be sponsoring the annual Miniature Golf Tournament to help raise money for Children’s Hospital. This event is a great way for children to help other children. The winning child will win a $500 check signed by Dunkin’ Donuts. All money raised at this event will go to the Children’s Hospital. The tournament will be for children 18 and under. Every person must pay a participation fee. If the participant registers on the Dunkin’ Donuts website, the fee is only $20. If the participant enters the day of the tournament the free is $30. All participants are encouraged to find sponsors to help raise donations for this event. The event will take place this spring (May 5, 2007) in Salem, Massachusetts. Every year a different location will be chosen to host this annual event. Dunkin’ Donuts chose Massachusetts for the first year of the Miniature Golf Tournament because this is where Dunkin’ Donuts was founded and is also the state where Dunkin’ Donuts has the most franchises located at this time. The tournament will be held at Castle Creek Adventure Land in Salem, which has been voted the number one miniature golf course for families. Next year Dunkin Donuts is planning on hosting this event in the Southwest where Dunkin’ Donuts is rapidly extending the company. This tournament will gain Dunkin’ Donuts immediate credibility and recognition through sponsoring the events. Evaluation Our campaign provides a number of great strategies and suggestions to ensure that the snack food sector giant does increasingly well over the period of the next year and well into their future expansion. Using coffee as a product focus we hope to take a larger share of the coffeehouse market and overall raise sales 12 to 15%. Dunkin’ Brands must make their title franchise marketable in the way of practicality. Our messages must show consumers that we lack a lot of the hoopla and that we are more genuine in serving good products. In marketing ourselves as the practical, Starbucks alternative, we stand to profit by reaching a broader audience than Starbucks, thus taking a larger share of their market. We found it best to do an unilateral campaign, with everything coming together on a national scale. This is best granted the expansion Dunkin’ Donuts is making all over the U. S. The pulsing technique is the most efficient part of our media plan. Pulsing ensures that we reach our target audience during more profitable months, being careful not to spend money when we don’t have to. This is an effective way to reach the project 85% of our target market; whether it is during a popular television program or during a holiday month where commercialism is heightened. Our research lead us to many conclusions as to what could viably work and what wouldn’t. As far as competition, we didn’t see any room to grow competing with Dairy Queen. As they are an ice cream treat based company, we feel that ice cream could fit into a totally different branch of the snack food sector in itself. The Bright Agency has set up a plan that could drive the Dunkin’ Donuts chain well past the 15% goal we have set forth. Appendix A– Radio A– Client: Dunkin’ Donuts Product: Dunkin’ Donuts Title: Rise and Shine with Dunkin’ Length: 15 Seconds Writer: Roger Bright, CEO Bright Agency Medium: Radio MUSIC: INTRO MUSIC FADES TO BACKGROUND FOR ABOUT 3 SECONDS ANNCR: â€Å"Rise and shine to one of Dunkin’ Donuts great house blends. Choose from your choice of Original, Decaf, Hazelnut, French Vanilla, or Cinnamon Spice, along with a vast selection of espresso drinks. which are made with 100% fresh Arabica coffee beans. All of SOUND: Roster Crows ANNCR: â€Å"All Delicious Blends, Without the Trends. Dunkin’†. Delightfully Appendix A– Radio A– Client: Dunkin’ Donuts Product: Dunkin’ Donuts Title: Catch It If You Can Length: 30 Seconds Writer: Michelle Taube, Media Director Medium: Radio MUSIC: THEME- UP BEAT FAST MUSIC (AS IN A CLIMAX TO A STORY). SOUND: SOUNDS OF CARS SPEEDING ON THE ROAD WITH SIRENS GOING OFF. COP1: (very out of breathe and eager to get somewhere) Fox to Trent, Fox to Trent, are you there, over? COP2: (sounds worried) I copy, Trent here, what’s the situation? COP1: There is a robbery at the local Dunkin’ Donuts. there with back-up immediately. We need to get COP2: I’m on it. I’ll meet you there as soon as I can. SOUND: SOUND OF FOOTSTEPS TRAMPING INTO THE STORE, WHEN THEY OPEN THE DOOR THE BELL DINGS COP2: Everybody freeze with you hands in the air! COP1: Move away from the counter slowly. (walks up to the cashier and says) Can I get two glazed doughnuts please? COP2: (very irritated) what are you doing? I thought you said there was a serious situation here and you are getting something to Appendix A– Radio A– Continued) Client: Dunkin’ Donuts Product: Dunkin’ Donuts Title: Catch It If You Can Length: 30 Seconds Writer: Michelle Taube, Media Director Medium: Radio COP1: I needed a quick stomach filler and Dunkin’ Donuts is always hot and ready to go. Appendix A– Television A– Client: Dunkin’ Donuts Product: Coffee/doughnuts Title: Rookies Fetch the Dunkin’ Length: 30 Seconds Video Audio Businessman 1: â€Å"First board meeting in ten minutes, you fetch the Dunkin’? † Businessman 2: â€Å"Fetch the Dunkin’? † Businessman 1: â€Å"Rookies always fetch the Dunkin’ Donuts. Nine minutes†. Businessman 2 begins to panic Businessman 2 breaks out into a sprint Appendix A– Television A– Client: Dunkin’ Donuts Product: Coffee/Doughnuts Title: Rookies Fetch the Dunkin’ Length: 30 Seconds Writer: Roger Bright Businessman arrives at Dunkin’ Donuts Voiceover: â€Å"Cater your company board meeting with Dunkin’ Donuts Box o’ Coffee and large box of assorted doughnuts†. Businessman 2 arrives to board meeting Boss: â€Å"And welcome our newest member to the staff, Eric. † Room applauds Businessman 2 realizes it’s a joke Voiceover: â€Å"Delightfully Dunkin’† Appendix A– Television A– Client: Dunkin’ Donuts Product: Coffee/doughnuts Title: Holidays With Dunkin’ Length: 30 Seconds Writer: Ashley Edwards, Art Director Video Audio A family is going out to pick their Christmas tree. After they are done everyone starts complaining that they are hungry and thirsty. One of the children states how he wants coffee and doughnuts. The mother says Dunkin’ Donuts is one of her favorite places. Dunkin’ Donuts Brings Holiday Cheer! Happy Holiday! As they are driving they see a Dunkin’ Donuts Store where everyone starts to yell STOP! STOP! They pull over and get some doughnuts, breakfast sandwiches and coffee to go. When they get home they start decorating the tree and eating their Dunkin’ Donuts and spending family quality time together. At the end of this commercial the slogan to the left will appear in front of a lit up Christmas tree. Appendix A– Outdoor A– Appendix A– Outdoor A– Appendix A– Newspaper A– Appendix B– Sales Promotions B– BUY 10 CUPS OF COFFEE, GET ONE FREE www. dunkindonuts. com Issue date: 12/01/07 Verification code: 12345 Expiration date: 12/31/07 Gifts from Us to You Receive a Free Coffee and Doughnut. Appendix B– Sales Promotions B– Appendix C– Public Relations C– Roger Bright 130 Royall Street Canton, MA 02021 [emailprotected] edu www. dunkindonuts. com FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: January 1, 2007 â€Å"Dunkin’ Donuts Has Gone Southwest† Dunkin’ Donuts is not only changing their campaign for 2007 to â€Å"Delightfully Dunkin’ Donuts†, but Dunkin’ Donuts is also planning to triple the number of franchises across the Nation. Dunkin’ Donuts is a doughnut franchise owned by a parent company, Dunkin’ Brands. Dunkin’ Donuts was founded 50 years ago in 1950 by Bill Rosenberg. The first Dunkin’ Donuts was built in Quincy, Massachusetts and is now a staple in the snack food sector in the New England geographic market. Dunkin’ Donuts is now ready for expansion. Dunkin’ Donuts has made a new corporate objective to increase Dunkin’ Donuts all over the United States. They will be achieving this goal by opening 15,000 new Dunkin’ Donuts franchises across the Nation by the year 2017. ### Appendix C– Public Relations C– Roger Bright 130 Royall Street Canton, MA 02021 [emailprotected] edu www. dunkindonuts. com FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: May 1, 2007 â€Å"Make A Hole In One At Dunkin’ Donuts Miniature Golf Tournament May 5, 2007† Join Dunkin’ Donuts for their first annual Miniature Golf Tournament for the chance to win $500. This event is to raise money for Children’s Hospital which is Dunkin’ Donuts charity hospital. The tournament is only for children 18 and under. There is a small participation fee of just $20. The more money raised, the more Children’s Hospital will benefit. The event will take place May 5, 2007, located at Castle Creek Adventure Land. All contestants are encouraged to pre-register on the Dunkin’ Donuts website (www. dunkindonuts. com). There will also be an on-site registration for last minute contestants but the participation fee will increase to $30. Please view the website for more information. Dunkin’ Donuts challenges any child to participate and hopes to see everyone May 5th for the Miniature Golf Tournament. ### Sources https://www. aibonline. org/resources/statistics/doughnut. html entrepreneur. com/franchises/dunkindonuts/282304-0. html https://www. dunkindonuts. com/aboutus/company/History. aspx http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Dunkin_Donuts http://inventors. about. com/library/inventors/bldonut. htm krispykreme. com/

United Arab Emirates History and Independence

United Arab Emirates History and Independence Before its re-creation as the United Arab Emirates in 1971, the UAE was known as the Trucial States, a collection of sheikhdoms extending from the Straits of Hormuz to the west along the Persian Gulf. It wasn’t a country so much as an expanse of loosely defined sheikhdoms spreading over some 32,000 square miles (83,000 sq. km), about the size of the state of Maine. Before the Emirates For centuries the region was mired in rivalries between local emirs on land while pirates scoured the seas and used the states’ shores as their refuge. Britain began attacking pirates to protect its trade with India. That led to British ties with the Trucial States’ emirs. The ties were formalized in 1820 as Britain offered protection in exchange for exclusivity: the emirs, accepting a truce brokered by Britain, pledged not to cede any land to ​any powers or make any treaties with anyone except Britain. They also agreed to settle subsequent disputes through British authorities. The subservient relationship was to last a century and a half, until 1971.​​​ Britain Gives Up By then, Britain’s imperial overreach was exhausted politically and bankrupt financially. Britain decided in 1971 to abandon Bahrain, Qatar, and the Trucial States, by then made up of seven emirates. Britain’s original aim was to combine all nine entities into a united federation. Bahrain and Qatar balked, preferring independence on their own. With one exception, the Emirates agreed to the joint venture, risky as it seemed: the Arab world had, until then, never known a successful federation of disparate pieces, let alone bicker-prone emirs with egos enough to enrich the sandy landscape. Independence: December 2, 1971 The six emirates that agreed to join in the federation were Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Ajman, Al Fujayrah, Sharjah, and Quwayn. On Dec. 2, 1971, the six emirates declared their independence from Britain and called themselves the United Arab Emirates. (Ras al Khaymah initially opted out, but eventually joined the federation in February 1972). Sheikh Zaid ben Sultan, Emir of Abu Dhabi, the richest of the seven emirates, was the union’s first president, followed by Sheikh Rashid ben Saeed of Dubai, the second-richest emirate. Abu Dhabi and Dubai have oil reserves. The remaining emirates do not. The union signed a treaty of friendship with Britain and declared itself part of the Arab Nation. It was by no means democratic, and rivalries among the Emirates didn’t cease. The union was ruled by a 15-member council, subsequently reduced to seven- one seat for each of the unelected emirs. Half the 40-seat legislative Federal National Council is appointed by the seven emirs; 20 members are elected to 2-year terms by 6,689 Emiratis, including 1,189 women, who are all appointed by seven emirs. There are no free elections or political parties in the Emirates. Iran’s Power Play Two days before the emirates declared their independence, Iranian troops landed on Abu Musa Island in the Persian Gulf and the two Tunb islands that dominate the Straits of Hormuz at the entrance to the Persian Gulf. Those islands belonged to Rais el Khaima Emirate. The Shah of Iran contended that Britain had wrongfully granted the islands to the Emirates 150 years before. He was retaking them, he alleged, to look after oil tankers traveling through the Straits. The Shah’s reasoning was more expedience than logic: the emirates had no way to endanger oil shipments, though Iran very much did. Britain's Enduring Complicity in Complications The Iranian troop landing, however, was arranged with Sheikh Khaled al Kassemu of the Sharja Emirate in exchange for $3.6 million over nine years and Iran’s pledge that if oil were discovered on the Island, Iran and Sharja would split the proceeds. The arrangement cost Sharjas ruler his life: Shaikh Khalid ibn Muhammad was gunned down in a coup attempt. Britain itself was complicit in the occupation as it explicitly agreed to let Iranian troops take over the Island one day before independence. By timing the occupation on Britain’s watch, Britain was hoping to relieve the emirates of the burden of an international crisis. But the dispute over the islands hung over relations between Iran and the Emirates for decades. Iran still controls the islands.

Iranian revolution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Iranian revolution - Research Paper Example As business came up, the standards of living started to rise and the death rates began to decrease due to improvements made in the local hospitals.Pahlevi Shah introduced westernization program in the country and this to some extent help in the economic development of the country in terms of trade improvement.1 In the year 1941, the Germans wanted to seize the oil fields of Iran as they took advantage of the country’s poor developments in terms of the economy which made the country weak and could not protect itself from outside threats. However, the Soviet Union and Britain joined forces to protect the oil fields of Iran from German seizure Shah abdicated because of his Allied presence and friendliness to Alexi’s powers. Muhammad Reza Shah, the son of Pahlevi Shah took over the throne and adopted the policy of pro-Allied. The Iranian government in the year 1945 requested for the withdrawal of occupying troops since it came to word that the Soviet Union forces were in some way encouraging separatist movements in some of the Northern provinces of Iran and in 1946, the troops were withdrawn from the country. The control of the oil industry was the main reason why conflicts arose in Iran in the year 1950. The wealth that was being generated from the oil trade was so huge and this led to a major political crisis in the country since prominent people in the country started fighting for control of the oil industry.2 In 1951, Muhammad Mossadegh was appointed prime minister and his relationship with Shah was not encouraging. They kept on fighting each other and in the 1953, Shah dismissed the prime minister. Mossadegh resisted yielding and this forced Shah to flee to Rome. Riots were experienced for three consecutive days and at last Royalist won back Teheran control and this made Shah to return and Mossadegh to be jailed. Throughout the

How Intersectional Identities Must Shape an Asian American Agenda for Assignment

How Intersectional Identities Must Shape an Asian American Agenda for Social Change - Assignment Example This paper illustrates that a census of our own presents a masterpiece that resulted from a 2010 Queers Southeast Asian survey. This sample had 364 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) Asian Americans from the entire United States. Intersectionality connects to the diversity of Asian American people through the difficulties in communication. Often when in public places, the Asian American people fear to talk because they will be oppressed due to their inadequate knowledge of the native English language. Therefore, to emphasize on discrimination based on the diversity of the Asian American culture, many people from this race miss various educational scholarships based on their racial backgrounds. The educational experience of many Asian Americans is biased. To drive the social agenda of the Asian American community of affirmative action, equity must be allowed to prevail in the selection processes of students set to join universities. The excessive acceptance by the educational establishments on the previous cases of racial discrimination threaten the authorities to face stern legal actions form the social change activists. In fact, intersectionality in the education system is prime in the classroom balance experience in multiple learning institutions of the United States. Furthermore, affirmative action requires the equal enrollment of the minority into the prestigious educational systems, to eliminate the educational segregation attached to racial diversity. The immigration experiences of the Asian Americans present a partisan treatment of the immigrants based on their racial background. The continuous efforts by the elected members of the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) indicate the difficult requirements that the authorities have put in place to discourage the inhabitation of undocumented immigrants in the United States. Such provisions as the military enlistment and the requirement of good moral conduct cast the Asian American community in the bad picture as they require many strict eligibility criteria to be permanent legal residents of the United States.

Vulnerable Adults Essay Example for Free

Vulnerable Adults Essay Introduction Health service is defined as a top most service that is related to the diagnosis and treatment of disease, or the promotion, maintenance and restoration of health (Capezuti, Siegler and Mezey, 2007). There are personal and non personal health services. In UK, National Health Service (NHS) launched in the year 1948. Now it is the world’s largest publically funded health service. The health service in NHS is adorned with efficiency and comprehensive to provide maximum help and support for the needed people. Social care is defined as a profession where people work in partnership with those who experience marginalisation or disadvantage or who needs special care and support, vulnerable people leaving in the community and in the residential care ( Miller, Vandome and McBrewster, 2009). The policies and the legislations for support the caring and supporting the elder people are very important and it should be cared by each health professionals and by the society (http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/socialcare/index.htm). Care quality commission provides the assurance for the quality of care and support for the residence in the care homes residential homes with the support of policies and legislations in the England. The aim of this essay is to identify the law that is related to vulnerable adults is the lack of resources. Literature review In definition, a vulnerable adult is a person aged over the sixteen and not able to protect or take care of himself. There are number of reasons behind it; they are illness, physical disability, mental illness, drug or alcohol dependency and old age. The children act 1989 offer social workers and local authorities a clear legal framework to go along with their duties and obligations. This act is to provide maximum help and support for the children with its significant resources. This act got passed on the basis of simplifying the child care legislation that is exciting (Gupta, Playfer and Bhowmick, 2008). However, it is clear that for vulnerable adults it is difficult to find out a unifying statue, but instead there is some fragmented legislation that is difficult to locate and implement in an effective way. As the reason for a social worker and other care provider it is difficult to carry their skill, knowledge, experience and sensitivity for the support of the vulnerable adults. In this particular area, mental health legislation and community care lead the provision of services offering some regulations and guidance. But there are some confusion can be found out these regulations and guidance for the health providers. As the result it is a confused area to provide the needed duties and obligations from the part of the care providers. It is clear that there are some specific written policies to support the vulnerable adults, however with the involvement of different agencies in the protection of vulnerable adults it is still in confusion thinking that who is the right responsible to provide help and support. To rectify all these problems, NHS trust, social service department and all other related health services organisation should work together for a better result. But unfortunately th is is not the case. Care in the community According to the Health and Social Care Bill 2011, it gives an importance to the care , general health and other social issues. The social issues and care is very important and it should be cared by the medical professionals and other publics. The care and support for the adults in the society is very important and it should be valued for each and every persons especially by the health professionals. The Health and Social Care Bill was introduced in 19 January in 2011 in the parliament and the major part of this include with the modernisation in the medical facilities and world class health care delivering by the health professionals. The caring of the adults is very important and it also very important to give the modern and effective facilities to the adults and the other public (http://www.info4local.gov.uk/documents/related-links/1820651). The community care is aimed to offer help and support for both the vulnerable adult and their carer. The first step is to provide help for vulnerable adults is the recognition of him. Since the lacking of collaboration with multi agency and resources in majority of the local authorities and primary care trusts it would be unrecognised with the arrangements or referrals for the assessments related to needs (Baggett, 1989). This problem takes place with the lack of information and knowledge of the care providers since they are lacking of knowledge with the present legislation. It leads to more spending and needless action to provide maximum help and support for the vulnerable adults in the needed time. Most of the vulnerable adults are unaware of the help that is to be provided; there should be an immediate action to prevent this situation from worsening. Most of the adults are too proud seeking their help and needs from the care providers (Backhaus, 2011). For example, the visitors of the adults in hospital give the more support to offer help and support from the care providers. But there are some adults those who are avoided especially in majority of situation and their condition is getting worsening. Section 46 of the National Health Service and community care act 1990 defines the care plans and services to be provided for the needed people. It includes with laundry services, meals on wheels, residential care and social work. This section is a leading one to uplift the quality of care provider to maintain his service and help for the needed people. According to the local authorities the meaning of need because of financial constraints it guides to procedural bias and restriction of services. It clearly defines that the lack of resources with the law related to vulnerable adults and this area needed a special care. Old age According to the ‘Promoting Health and Well Being’ that is a standard which used by the national service frame work in Wales, they care about the older people and they gives some guidelines and the standard line for the old age lives. The major points which include with this are strategy for the nutrition and the well being of the older people, active and healthy life style of the people who lived in Wales, frame works for actions and National service frame work for diabetes, mental health and coronary heart diseases (http://cymru.gov.uk/topics/olderpeople/health/?skip=1lang=en). In old age a person comes in to the position of vulnerability with the reasons of not been provided adequate services and help or being a victim of some kind of abuse or neglect. As far as the duty of a social worker is concerned with old people, there should be some kind of a special treating on the basis of respect to provide maximum help and support for the old age people. Their voice should be valuable and heard with its prior important. On the basis of human rights 1998, a social worker should respect the human rights of adults, right to privacy, right to liberty and right to fair trial. A social worker should be friendly and can work in partnership with service user to make eligible the service users to be feeling as comfortable and supported (Duquenoy, George and Kimppa, 2008). Their needs skills and professional judgement from the part of the social worker to provide the needs of the adults and also to protect them. Since there are no laws to old people but for children, child act 1989, a social worker should be capable of with the legislation from different areas to offer the better results for the service users. In clear words, if a social worker is trained with specialist knowledge he becomes more positive to offer his better result. It is unmistakably true that the availability of the resources in the local authority plays and important impact to provide support and care for the old people and it is different in regions (Kamp and Hvid, 2012). It shows that it takes place with the lacking of proper application of the law. For example, the health services and public health act 1968, (HSPHA)’s state that the local authority may take arrangements to offer some services that is based on the well fare of older people. This wording act can’t take a major part to provide the obligations on the local authorities related to their better services, but only grants them power to do so. It is evident that if there is some problem with funding or services there may be a lot of old people can’t access the needed help and support from it. The National Health Service and community service at 1990 (NHS, CCA) S46 needs that every local authority must have a plan for their community care and they should be regular to make sure for the well fare of older people. It is the legislation that is important in some manner but it is failure in opening an account about the solid duty that is related to the local authorities to offer the help and support for the older people. The National Health Service Act, 1977 (NHSA) schedule 8, is aimed for providing services for the elder people who live in the local authority. This help is include with shopping, cooking, cleaning etc. it appears that a fame obligation on the local authority to offer the help and support. When an old person is recognised as to be given help and support from the part of the local authority, it is questionable that local authority is capable of helping and supporting of needed person. But from the part of the serviced user, in most of the cases the ultimate help from the local authority is not in a full result. And as the reason, the service from the local authority is not as much as improved than they started from. Residential accommodation The national assistance act 1948 (NAA) S.21 defines about the duties and obligations of the local authority to offer the accommodation for residence. As far as most of the laws connected to the adults is concerned, all those ones is included the right duties and obligations to provide help for the older people from the part of the local authorities. For example, the NAA 1948 (Choice of accommodation) directions 1992 were introduced to make the adults with accommodation and other needs. However the needed people are paid a specified amount. As the reason, the freedom of choice is cancelled since there are financial implications. Residential care is provided as an easily accessible one to 24 hour care home like it is the carefulness of local authority. Since there is choice, majority of the people would like to stay in the home, it is hard for a social worker to balance the value of his social work based on oppressive practice empowerment with financial implications and partnership and to be a well service provider with maximum help and support for the service user (Williams, 1992). The liberty of an adult is given with much priority. However in some cases, it is unavoidable for their own health safety and safety of others compulsory removals have been done. It means that it is the duty of a social worker to offer maximum support and help in the home environment itself (Norman and Redfern, 1997). It is significant to clarify that in residential homes there should be a high quality of caring and supporting. In some cases people in residential care has been exploited with neglect and employee abuse. The care standard act 2000 got introduced in order to make sure a regulatory system that is able to capable of delivering a high quality service with all its concerns (Burchell, 2000). In April 2002 with upgrading the services for vulnerable adults and children national care standard commission regulated the services. It includes four main components. They are monitoring, providing national bench marks, representing the consumer and encouraging the development of better services. It guarantees a new protection for vulnerable adults and it make sure to avoid the unsuitable people is not allowed to work with vulnerable adults (Williams, 1992). It established a general social care council for England and care council for Wales. It came to action with its first step as an effective act but the lacking of funding and human resources stopped its implementation with full perfection. In the care standard acts 2000, it mentions that there should be high quality social care worker provided with high standards of training. But it became questionable with the lack of funding, qualified trainers. In the article done by David Brindle, mentions that in UK the number of abuse against elderly people is alarming and it is growing as a top most problem to be rectified. Research shows that when the staffs are well trained and educated the abuse against elderly people is restricted or no longer a problem in the social care field. It means there are some staffs that are stress, over worked and feels undervalued can be the reason for abuse on adults. Studies prove that in some working area the care workers are not valued well, in some working environment they are stressed highly with their over working and hard working (Lechner and Neal, 1999). These are the problems that lead them to unleash their anger on elderly people and it comes to a result like abuse. It is estimated that there are 800,000 untrained staffs are involved in working with older people. If there is an action on elder abuse it may cost 600 pound each to make sure that they had recognised qualifications according to the charity. There are some potential employees have become part in abuse. In that case it is difficult to identify them and it should be the duty of a social care worker to guide and control himself at first. He should do his best with the support of good practice and vigilance. There should be consistency from the part of the employers, rigour, thoroughness in the implementation of needed checks and procedures that are apt in each and every time. Lacking of time, money or resources may be the problem with the employees. In other case, lacking of qualified and skilled employees with their leaving jobs is another problem. All together it is difficult to maintain an employee in an organisation providing his basic things. First of all there should be advanced type of training from the part of the organisation for the employees. It should help the employees to get matured and to know the rights and responsibilities in their duties to be done. Secondly providing value of an employee offering good salary and to give him comfortable shifting time to work is essential. It will enable him to feel comfortable in his working environment and to follow the duties and responsibility of his work. Thirdly, to stop the quitting jobs of employees an organisation should find out some strategies and techniques to retain their employees in their organisation (Roit, 2010). As far as abuse on elders is concerned from the part of the social care workers, the above said things are significant to rectify the problem to a great extent. Mental Health There are a lot of policies and legislations which related to it in the case of older people are established by the governments in the European countries especially in England. The elder people should be cared and support by the other people and society in their final stage of life and the value of humanity is considered by the each legislation and policies that established by the government. The law on mental health is very much as same as the law that is related to the groups of vulnerable adults. It is needed updating and consolidation. The department of health defines that there are some changes in mental health services with new drug treatments, different patterns of care, which is commonly seen in people treated in the community than in institutions and also wider role for other therapeutic approaches, these things have made a different landscape. As the reason modern mental health legislation is needed to reflect that landscape. Since the law has got updated approved social wo rker should be able to aware of his power and duties under the mental health act 1983. It is clear that the numbers of mentally ill patients are alarming and the treatment they get within the community is not fulfilled with its perfection. It needs support networks, more approved social workers and also better home services. But it is sad that the mentioned things are working efficiently very scarcely and the government should be able to provide extra funding to support their care in the community (Fulmer, Foreman and Walker, 2001). The national assembly for Wales started the adult mental health services strategy with four main key points. They are (1) Equity- it means, mental health service should be provided for the needed people with its perfection. (2) Empowerment- it means service users and carers should work together to find out a better strategy to help and support the mental health patients. (3) Effectiveness – there should be some effective intervention provided by mental health services that is needed for improving the quality of life. (4) Efficiency- the services of mental health should be capable of using the resources perfectly and they should care the public money is spent with accountability. In England it is questionable that mentally ill patients are treated well or not. In the past years there were good help and support for mentally ill patients from the part of the hospitals providing 63,000 beds in the year 1988. But in the year 2000, it was halved with 34, 3000 beds. Considering this number of beds and above said reasons there should be well planned strategies to provide maximum help and support for the mentally ill patient and also they should be in secure accommodation. Conclusion In conclusion, legislations, policies and guidelines for the caring and supporting for the older people are very important and effective in providing good and standard service. The government in the England and other European countries are providing a lot of rules, legislations, and policies to provide the support and good caring and support for the elder people in the society. Most of the legislations and the principles are followed by the each and every health professionals and it support to provide a standard and supporting care for the elder people. It is difficult for a social worker to provide maximum help and support for the vulnerable adults, to check it the care workers should ask questions by themselves and value the judgements by them related to the services that they provided. They should be capable of understanding where a person is in capable of taking decisions especially like a mentally ill patient. It means, the care worker should be the ultimate health provider apart from policies and procedures from the government. It means the more a social care worker is capable of handling his duty with its full perfection, the more he becomes available to the needs of service users. In the case of skilled employees in a health care organisation, there are some problems like burnout; quitting their jobs etc. these problems should be settled in with the perfect strategies from the government and health organisations as well. As far as the vulnerability of the adults is concerned there are some lack of clear legislation that hinters the correct implementation of the law and also the ambiguity of the law and all these things contribute to the lack of resources. References Backhaus, P. (2011) Communication in Elderly Care: Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Continuum International Publishing, Baggett, S. (1989) Residential Care for the Elderly: Critical Issues in Public Policy. Greenwood Publishing Group Capezuti, L., Siegler, and Mezey, M. D. (2007) Encyclopedia of Elder Care: The Comprehensive Resource on Geriatric and Social Care , Springer Publishing Company Duquenoy, P., George, C. and Kimppa, K. (2008) Ethical, Legal, And Social Issues In Medical Informatics . Idea Group Inc Fulmer, T. T., Foreman, M. D. and Walker, M. K. (2001) Critical Care Nursing of the Elderly. Springer Publishing Company Gupta, A., Playfer, J. and Bhowmick, B. (2008) Measurement Scales Used in Elderly Care. Radcliffe Publishing Kamp, A. and Hvid, H. (2012) Elderly Care in Transition: Management, Meaning and Identity at Work. A Scandinavian Perspective. Copenhagen Business School Press Lechner, V. M. and Neal, M. B. (1999) Work and Caring for the Elderly: International Perspective s. Routledge Miller, F. P., Vandome, A. F. and McBrewster , J. (2009) Elderly Care. Alphascript Publishing Norman, I. J. and Redfern, S. J. (1997) Mental Health Care for Elderly People. Elsevier Health Sciences, Roit, B. D. (2010). Strategies of Care: Changing Elderly Care in Italy and the Netherlands. Amsterdam University Press Williams, D. K. (1992) Residential Care Services for the Elderly: Business Guide for Home-Based Eldercare. Routledge

Alice in Wonderland Essay example -- Essays Papers

Alice in Wonderland Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll, a story about a little girl and her adventures in a dream-like place called wonderland, has been a beloved children’s story for over one hundred years. Though viewed by many as a simple children’s tale, if it is taken into a little more depth one will find that is a brilliant satire on the English system of government. Indeed, Alice in Wonderland is a brilliant novel written by a brilliant author. The main character of this novel is Alice. Throughout the story she has conflicts with many of the characters along with herself. Her main conflict is to return home from Wonderland and to become an adult. While she is in Wonderland she is faced with many other, not so important conflicts. Most of them are choices that may lead her to people or places that she might or might not want to meet or see. Throughout the story there are many supporting characters that both help and hinder Alice during journey through Wonderland. The first character that Alice first comes in contact with is the White Rabbit. As a character he is always in a rush, this is made apparent throughout the story. Alice first sees him while he is on the way to Wonderland. She chooses to follow him, and she falls down a rabbit hole, thus finding the entrance to Wonderland. The only other character that was influential in my opinion was the The Queen of Hearts. The Queen is a very bitter person. She made everyone aro...

Children’s literature Essay

What is literature? Literature is (a) imaginative or creative writing; (b) distinguish writing, with deep sublime, noble feelings. It includes oral tradition passed on from generation to generation by word of mouth (e. g. proverbs, myths, legends, epic, folk song, etc. ). Literature, as defined by the oxford, etc. , valued as works of art (drama, fiction, essays, poetry, biography) contrasted with technical books and journalism; (2) all the writing of a country (French lit. ) or a period (18th Century English Lit. ); (3) printed material describing or advertising e. g. pamphlets; (4) books dealing with special subjects, travel, poultry farming. Literature is an art expressing beauty through the medium of language; a recreation through language of human situation and experiences, the orchestration of the manifold but elemental experiences of man blended into harmonious and desired patterns of expressions and a faithful reproduction of life executed in an artistic pattern (Del Prado). Why Study Literature? Literature leads to personal fulfilment and academic gains. Separating the values into personal and academic is an intellectual distinction, since both types benefit the students and are all proper parts of a student’s schooling. The distinction is useful, however, since teachers and librarians must often justify the benefits of literature in the classroom and find the academic benefits the most convincing ones for administrators and parents. Enjoyment The most important personal gain that good books offer to students is the most obvious one-enjoyment. Those of you who read widely as students will never forget the stories that were so tragic that you almost cried out, some were so funny that you laughed out, the poem that was so lifting that you never forgot it, or the mystery that was so scary that your heart thumped with apprehension. Such positive early experience often leads to a lifetime of reading enjoyment. Imagination and Inspiration By seeing the world around them in new ways and by considering ways of living other than their own, students increase their ability to think divergently. Stories often map the divergent paths that our ancestors might have taken or that our descendants might someday take. Through the vicarious experience of entering a different world from the present one, students develop their imaginations. In addition, stories about people, both real and imaginary, can inspire students to overcome obstacles, accept different perspectives, and formulate personal goals. The Academic Value of Literature to Student In addition to the personal benefits of literature for yong readers, there are several important academic benefits. Reading Many of you may have reached the common-sense deduction that reading ability, like any other skill, improves with practice. Many teachers and librarians believe that regular involvement with excellent and appropriate literature can foster language development to young people and can help them to learn to read and to value reading. Writing Since people tend to assimilate or adopt what they like of what they read and hear, young people may, by listening to and reading literature, begin to develop their own writing â€Å"voice†, or unique, personal writing style. By listening to and reading excellent literature, children are exposed to rich vocabulary and excellent writing styles, which serve as good models for their own speaking and writing voices. The acquisition of a larger vocabulary through reading offers young writers a better word choice for their own stories. Devices found in books such as the use of dialect, dialogue, and precise descriptions are often assimilated into students’ own writing. Vicarious Experience When a story is convincing written that readers feel as though they have live through an experience or have actually been in the place and time where the story is set, the book have given them a vicarious experience. Experiences such as these are broadening students to stories from many lands and cultures, teachers and libraries are building a solid foundation for multicultural and international understanding. Walking in someone else’s shoes often help students to develop a greater capacity to empathize with others. Students around the world can benefit from stories that explain what life is, for people who are restricted by handicaps, politics, or circumstances or whose lives are different from theirs because of culture or geography. Likewise, young readers of today can relate on a more personal level with the events and people of history. Heritage Stories that are handed down from one generation to the next connect us to our past, to the roots of our specific cultures, national heritage, and general human condition. Stories are the repositories of culture. Knowing the tales, characters, expression, riddles, lullabies, songs, and adages that are part of our cultural heritage makes us culturally literate. Stories based on fact help young people to gain a greater appreciation for what history is and for the people, both ordinary and extraordinary who made history. Art Appreciation Illustration in some literature books (Children’s Literature) can be appreciated both for its ability to help tell the story (cognitive value) and for its value as art (aesthetic value). Picture books are profusely illustrated books in which the illustrations are, to varying degrees, essential to the enjoyment and understanding of the story. For this reason, illustrations in picture books are said to be integral to the story. The illustration in picture books provides actual plot or concept information as well as clues to character traits, settings, and moods. Without the illustrations, therefore these books would be diminished, and in some case the story would make no sense or would be nonexistent.